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“逢聽必漲”還是“逢漲必聽”?
發布時間:2010-01-14 00:00:00 來源:發改委網站
《價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)法》實(shi)(shi)施以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),我國(guo)(guo)各(ge)級價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門已召開了上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)萬次(ci)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)。毋庸(yong)諱言,聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最終(zhong)結(jie)果(guo)絕(jue)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。因此(ci)(ci),有(you)人(ren)(ren)認為(wei)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)其實(shi)(shi)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)“漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)會(hui)”,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)少,一(yi)次(ci)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)次(ci)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差別。為(wei)什(shen)么價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)會(hui)”呢?這有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因。
第一(yi)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)歷史(shi)原因。長期(qi)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),我國(guo)(guo)對關(guan)(guan)(guan)系群眾(zhong)切身利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)、公(gong)(gong)用(yong)事業(ye)、公(gong)(gong)益性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)帶有(you)“福(fu)利性(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)低價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)。隨著(zhu)我國(guo)(guo)加(jia)入世(shi)界貿易組織(zhi)(zhi),經濟逐步全球化(hua),資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)、大(da)(da)宗商品(pin)(pin)(pin)開始(shi)在全球范圍內(nei)(nei)(nei)配置(zhi),其價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)由國(guo)(guo)際市場(chang)供求(qiu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系確(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)越來(lai)(lai)(lai)越明顯。比(bi)如石油、鐵礦石、大(da)(da)豆等(deng)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)都(dou)隨國(guo)(guo)際市場(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)波動。另外,隨著(zhu)我國(guo)(guo)工業(ye)化(hua)、城市化(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)加(jia)快,傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)低價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)客(ke)觀上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)劇了資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)浪費和(he)(he)環境(jing)污(wu)染(ran)。以(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)例,我國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)占有(you)量(liang)僅為(wei)世(shi)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)四分之一(yi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)13個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)最貧乏(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家之一(yi),近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)日(ri)益加(jia)重,治(zhi)理成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)。而國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)長期(qi)偏低、污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理費不(bu)(bu)能彌(mi)補治(zhi)理成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)劇了用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)緊(jin)張(zhang)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)狀況。隨著(zhu)經濟發(fa)展和(he)(he)居(ju)民(min)收入水(shui)(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao),資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)環保(bao)(bao)收費客(ke)觀上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)要有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。
第二個(ge)(ge)原因是(shi)(shi)(shi)利益訴求(qiu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)。盡管(guan)(guan)客(ke)觀上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)這些商品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)應(ying)當上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),但具體(ti)到每個(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)為(wei)什(shen)么上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)?上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少?漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)對群眾(zhong)生活有(you)何(he)影響?如何(he)保(bao)(bao)障低收入群眾(zhong)生活不(bu)(bu)因價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而降(jiang)(jiang)低?經營者會(hui)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)在漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中“夾私貨”,把(ba)本(ben)應(ying)由自己承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)轉(zhuan)嫁給消(xiao)費者?政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)會(hui)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)“甩包袱(fu)”,把(ba)本(ben)該由財政(zheng)投入解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)讓消(xiao)費者通過(guo)(guo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)負擔?這些很現實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,都(dou)要求(qiu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門不(bu)(bu)能通過(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)程(cheng)序進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調節,而應(ying)該通過(guo)(guo)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式廣泛征(zheng)求(qiu)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見;并允許旁(pang)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)開報(bao)道(dao),加(jia)強社(she)會(hui)監督。利益多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)要求(qiu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)在決策(ce)時(shi),必(bi)須(xu)充分考慮和(he)(he)平衡多(duo)(duo)(duo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益關(guan)(guan)(guan)系,采取(qu)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形勢(shi)無(wu)疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)可行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。這也是(shi)(shi)(shi)《價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)辦(ban)法》要求(qiu)“制定關(guan)(guan)(guan)系群眾(zhong)切身利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)用(yong)事業(ye)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、公(gong)(gong)益性(xing)服(fu)務(wu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)自然壟斷(duan)經營的(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)指導(dao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),應(ying)當實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)項(xiang)目通過(guo)(guo)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)目錄確(que)定”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因所在。因此(ci)(ci),“逢聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)必(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”背后的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“逢漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)必(bi)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)”,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)在調整(zheng)涉及群眾(zhong)基(ji)本(ben)生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要商品(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi),必(bi)須(xu)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)取(qu)社(she)會(hui)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)意見的(de)(de)(de)(de),確(que)保(bao)(bao)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案更加(jia)科學合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)制度基(ji)礎。
另外,從聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)看,也不(bu)(bu)完全都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)有(you)落的(de)(de)(de)(de)。2008年(nian)國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委組織(zhi)(zhi)了降(jiang)(jiang)低移動電話(hua)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)漫游(you)通話(hua)費上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)限標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)。這說(shuo)明聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)也有(you)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)“降(jiang)(jiang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de),并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)些媒體(ti)反映的(de)(de)(de)(de)“逢聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)必(bi)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”。
“逢漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)必(bi)聽(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)”反映了價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)按程(cheng)序履行(xing)(xing)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)監管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職能,這種行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)程(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)開、透明的(de)(de)(de)(de)制度,只(zhi)能加(jia)強,不(bu)(bu)能削弱;只(zhi)能通過(guo)(guo)改(gai)革(ge)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)完善,不(bu)(bu)能一(yi)棍子(zi)打死。